Black Women who were
Lynched in America
The lynching of Laura Nelson
(partial list)
Printed as a community service by Dr. Daniel Meaders, Professor of History at William Patterson University, and author of several books and articles, including Dead or Alive, Fugitive Slaves and White Indentured Servants Before 1800 (Garland Press, 1993)
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Jennie Steers
On July 25, 1903 a mob lynched Jennie Steers on the Beard Plantation in Louisiana for supposedly giving a white teenager, 16 year-old Elizabeth Dolan, a glass of poisoned lemonade. Before they killed her, the mob tried to force her to confess but she refused and was hanged. (100 Years at Lynching. Ralph Ginzburg)Laura Nelson
Laura Nelson was lynched on May 23, 1911 In Okemah, Okluskee, Oklahoma. Her fifteen year old son was also lynched at the same time but I could not find a photo of her son. The photograph of Nelson was drawn from a postcard. Authorities accused her of killing a deputy sheriff who supposedly stumbled on some stolen goods in her house. Why they lynched her child is a mystery. The mob raped and dragged Nelson six miles to the Canadian River and hanged her from a bridge.(NAACP: One Hundred Years of Lynching in the US 1889-1918 )Ann Barksdale or Ann Bostwick
The lynchers maintained that Ann Barksdale or Ann Bostwlck killed her female employer in Pinehurst, Georgia on June 24, 1912. Nobody knows if or why Barksdale or Bostick killed her employer because there was no trial and no one thought to take a statement from this Black woman who authorities claimed had ”violent fits of insanity” and should have been placed in a hospital. Nobody was arrested and the crowd was In a festive mood. Placed in a car with a rope around her neck, and the other end tied to a tree limb, the lynchers drove at high speed and she was strangled to death. For good measure the mob shot her eyes out and shot enough bullets Into her body that she was “cut in two.”Marie Scott
March 31, 1914, a white mob of at least a dozen males, yanked seventeen year-old Marie Scott from jail, threw a rope over her head as she screamed and hanged her from a telephone pole in Wagoner County, Oklahoma. What happened? Two drunken white men barged Into her house as she was dressing. They locked themselves in her room and criminally “assaulted” her. Her brother apparently heard her screams for help, kicked down the door, killed one assailant and fled. Some accounts state that the assailant was stabbed. Frustrated by their inability to lynch Marie Scott’s brother the mob lynched Marie Scott. (Crisis 1914 and 100 Years of Lynching)Mary Turner 1918 Eight Months Pregnant
Mobs lynched Mary Turner on May 17, 1918 in Lowndes County. Georgia because she vowed to have those responsible for killing her husband arrested. Her husband was arrested in connection with the shooting and killing Hampton Smith, a white farmer for whom the couple had worked, and wounding his wife. Sidney Johnson. a Black, apparently killed Smith because he was tired of the farmer’s abuse. Unable to find Johnson. the killers lynched eight other Blacks Including Hayes Turner and his wife Mary. The mob hanged Mary by her feet, poured gasoline and oil on her and set fire to her body. One white man sliced her open and Mrs. Turner’s baby tumbled to the ground with a “little cry” and the mob stomped the baby to death and sprayed bullets into Mary Turner. (NAACP: Thirty Years of Lynching in the U.S. 1889-1918 )Maggie Howze and Alma Howze -Both Pregnant
Accused of the murder of Dr. E.L. Johnston in December 1918. Whites lynched Andrew Clark, age 15, Major Clark, age 20, Maggie Howze, age 20, and Alma Howze, age 16 from a bridge near Shutaba, a town in Mississippi. The local press described Johnston as being a wealthy dentist, but he did not have an established business in the true sense of the word. He sought patients by riding his buggy throughout the community offering his services to the public at large in Alabama. Unable to make money “peddling” dentistry, the dentist returned to Mississippi to work on his father’s land near Shabuta. During his travels he had developed an intimate relationship with Maggie Howze. a Black woman who he had asked to move and lived with him. He also asked that she bring her sister Alma Howze along. While using the Black young women as sexual objects Johnson impregnated both of them though he was married and had a child. Three Black laborers worked on Johnston’s plantation, two of whom were brothers, Major and Andrew Clark. Major tried to court Maggie, but Johnson was violently opposed to her trying to create a world of her own that did not include him. To block a threat to his sexual fiefdom, Johnston threaten Clark’s life. Shortly after Johnston turned up dead and the finger was pointed at Major Clark and the Howze sisters. The whites picked up Major, his brother, Maggie and her sister and threw them in jail. To extract a confession from Major Clark, the authorities placed his testicles between the “jaws of a vise” and slowly closed it until Clark admitted that he killed Johnston. White community members took the four Blacks out of jail, placed them in an automobile, turned the head lights out and headed to the lynching site. Eighteen other cars, carrying members of the mob, followed close behind. Someone shut the power plant down and the town fell into darkness. Ropes were placed around the necks of the four Blacks and the other ends tied to the girder of the bridge. Maggie Howze cried, “I ain’t guilty of killing the doctor and you oughtn’t to kill me.” Someone took a monkey wrench and “struck her In the mouth with It, knocking her teeth out. She was also hit across the head with the same instrument, cutting a long gash In which the side of a person’s hand could be placed.” While the three other Blacks were killed instantly, Maggie Howze, four months pregnant, managed to grab the side of the bridge to break her fall. She did this twice before she died and the mob joked about how difficult it was to kill that “big Jersey woman.” No one stepped forward to claim the bodies. No one held funeral services for the victims. The Black community demanded that the whites cut them down and bury them because they ‘lynched them.” The whites placed them in unmarked graves.Alma Howze was on the verge of giving birth when the whites killed her. One witness claimed that at her “burial on the second day following, the movements of her unborn child could be detected.” Keep in mind, Johnston’s parents felt that the Blacks had nothing to do with their son’s death and that some irate white man killed him, knowing that the blame would fall on the Black’s shoulders. The indefatigable Walter White, NAACP secretary, visited the scene of the execution and crafted the report. He pressed Governor Bilbo of Mississippi to look into the lynching and Bilbo told the NAACP to go to hell. (NAACP: Thirty Years of Lynching in the U.S.. 1889-1918 ) (Papers of the NAACP)
Holbert Burnt at the Stake
Luther Holbert, a Black, supposedly killed James Eastland, a wealthy planter and John Carr, a negro, who lived near Doddsville Mississippi. After a hundred mile chase over four days, the mob of more than 1,000 persons caught Luther and his wife and tied them both to trees. They were forced to hold out their hands while one finger at a time was chopped off and their ears were cut off. Pieces of raw quivering flesh was pulled out of their arms, legs and body with a bore screw and kept for souvenirs. Holbert was beaten and his skull fractured. An eye was knocked out with a stick and hung from the socket. (100 Years of Lynching by Ralph Ginzburg)WHO ARE OUR REAL HEROES?
American mobs lynched some 5.000 Blacks since 1859, scores of whom were women, several of them pregnant. Rarely did the killers spend time in jail because the white mobs and the government officials who protected them believed justice meant (just us) white folks. Lynching denied Blacks the right to a trial or the right to due process. No need for a lawyer and a jury of your peers: the white community decided what happened and what ought to be done. After the whites accused Laura Nelson of killing a white deputy In Oklahoma, they raped this Black woman, tied her to a bridge trestle and for good measure, They lynched her son from a telephone pole. Had the white community reacted in horror after viewing the dangling corpses of Laura Nelson and her son? No, they came by the hundreds, making their way by cars, horse driven wagons, and by foot to view the lynching. Dressed in their Sunday best, holding their children’s hands and hugging their babies the white on-lookers looked forward to witnessing the spectacle of a modern day crucifixion. They snapped pictures of Laura Nelson, placed them on postcards and mailed them to their friends boasting about the execution. They chopped of f the fingers, sliced off the ears of Ms. Holbert, placed the parts In jars of alcohol and displayed them in their windows.White America today know little or nothing about lynching because it contradicts every value America purports to stand for. Blacks, too, know far too little about the lynchings because the subject is rarely taught in school. Had they known more about these lynchings, I am almost certain that Blacks would have taken anyone to task, including gangster rappers, for calling themselves niggers or calling Black women “hoes” and “bitches.” How could anybody in their right mind call these Black women who were sexually abused, mutilated, tortured and mocked the same degrading Please do not throw this away. Give it to a friend or a names that the psychopathic lynchers called them? relative. Peace.
What Black woman in her right state of mind would snap her fingers or tap her feet toihe beat of a song that contained the same degrading remarks that the whites uttered when they raped and lynched them The lynchers and the thousands of gleeful spectators called these Black women niggers when they captured them, niggers when they placed the rope around their necks and niggers when their necks snapped. Whites viewed Black women as hated black things, for, how else can one explain the treatment of Mary Turner? The lynch mob ignored her cries for mercy, ripped off her clothes, tied her ankles together, turned her upside down, doused her naked body with gas and oil, set her naked body on fire, ripped her baby out of her, stomped the child to death and laughed about it. Blacks purchased Winchesters to protect themselves, staged demonstrations, created anti-lynching organizations, pushed for anti-lynching legislation and published articles and books attacking the extralegal violence. Many pocked up. left the community never to return again. Others went through bouts of sadness, despair, and grief. Some broke down, a few went insane. Others probably fell on their knees, put their hands together, closed their eyes and begged Jesus for help. Jesus help us. Do not forsake us. But Jesus. the same white man the lyncher’s ancestors taught us to love, never flew out of the bush in a flame of fire armed with frogs and files and locusts to save Mary Turner. No thunder, no rain, no hail and no fire blocked the lynchers from hanging Laura Nelson. He did not see the “affliction” of the Holberts; he did not hear the screams of Marie Scott or the cry of Jennifer Steers.
So who are our real heroes?. Little Kim Is not a hero. Oprah is not a hero.. Whoople Goldberg is not a hero. Michael Jordan is not a hero. Dennis Rodman Is not a hero. They are entertainers, sport figures. creations of the media, media icons and they are about making huge sums of money and we wish these enterprising stars well. . Mary Turner, Laura Nelson, Marie Scott and Jennie Steers are your true historical heroes. Niggers they were not. Bitches they were not. Hoes they were not. They will not go down in history for plastering their bodies with tattoos, inventing exotic diets, endorsing Gator Ade, embracing studIo gangsterism, They were strong beautiful Black women who suffered excruciating pain, died horrible deaths. Their legacy of -strength lives on. These are my heroes. Make them yours as well.
Addendum===
Below are women who were lynched in addition to the initial findings of Dr. Daniel Meaders. They can be found in the pages of the book 100 Years of Lynching by Ralph Ginzburg.Mae Murray Dorsey and Dorothy Malcolm
On July 25, 1946, four young African Americans—George & Mae Murray Dorsey and Roger & Dorothy Malcom—were shot hundreds of times by 12 to 15 unmasked white men in broad daylight at the Moore’s Ford bridge spanning the Apalachee River, 60 miles east of Atlanta, Georgia. These killings, for which no one was ever prosecuted, enraged President Harry Truman and led to historic changes, but were quickly forgotten in Oconee and Walton Counties where they occurred. No one was ever brought to justice for the crime.Ballie Crutchfield
Around midnight on March 15, 1901 Ballie Crutchfield was taken from her home in Rome to a bridge over Round Lick Creek by a mob. There her hands were tied behind her, and she was shot through the head and then thrown in the creek. Her body was recovered the next day and an inquest found that she met her death at the hands of persons unknown (euphemism for lynching).After Walter Sampson lost a pocketbook containing $120, it was found by a little boy. As he went to return it to its owner, William Crutchfield, Ballie’s brother, met the boy. Apparently, the boy gave him the pocketbook after being convinced it had no value. Sampson had Crutchfield arrested and taken to the house of one Squire Bains.
A mob came to take Crutchfield for execution. On the way he broke lose and escaped in the dark. The mob was so blind with rage they lay blame on Ballie as a co-conspirator in her brother’s alleged crime and proceeded to enact upon their beliefs culminating in the aforementioned orgy of inhumanity.
Belle Hathaway
At 9 o’clock the night of January 23, 1912 100 men congregated in front of the Hamilton, Georgia courthouse. They then broke into the Harris County Jail. After overpowering Jailor E.M. Robinson they took three men and a woman one mile from town.Belle Hathaway, John Moore, Eugene Hamming, and “Dusty” Cruthfield were in jail after being charged with the shooting death a farmer named Norman Hadley.
Writhing bodies silhouetted against the sky as revolvers and rifles blazed forth a cacophony of 300 shots at the victims before the mob dispersed.
Sullivan Couple Hung as Deputy Sheriff and Posse Watch
Fred Sullivan and his wife were hanged after being accused of burning a barn on a plantation near Byhalia, Mississippi November 25, 1914. The deputy sheriff and his posse were forced to watch the proceedings.Cordella Stevenson Raped and Lynched
Wednesday, December 8, 1915 Cordella Stevenson was hung from the limb of a tree without any clothing about fifty yards north of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad outside Columbus, Mississippi. The gruesomely horrific scene was witnessed by thousands and thousands of passengers who traveled in and out of the city the next morning.She was hung there by a bloodthirsty mob who had taken her from slumber, husband and home to the spot where she was raped and lynched. All this was done after she had been brought to the police station for questioning in connection with the arson of Gabe Frank’s barn. Her son had been suspected of the fire. The police released her after she convinced them her son had left home several months prior and she did not know his whereabouts.
After going to bed early, a knock was heard at the door. Her husband, Arch Stevenson went to answer, but the door was broken down first and his wife was seized. He was threatened with rifle barrels to his head should he move.
The body was left hanging until Friday morning. An inquest returned a verdict of “death at the hands of persons unknown.”
5 Hanged on One Oak Tree
Three men and two women were taken from the jail in Newberry, Florida on August 19, 1916 and hanged by a mob. Another man was shot by deputy sheriffs near Jonesville, Florida. All this was the result of the killing the day prior of Constable S.G. Wynne and the shooting of Dr. L.G. Harris by Boisey Long. Those who were lynched had been accused of aiding Long in his escape.Mary Conley
After Sam Conley had been reprimanded by E.M. Melvin near Arlington, Georgia, his mother Mary intervened to express her resentment. After Melvin slapped and grappled with her, Sam Conley struck Melvin on the head with an iron scale weight, resulting in his death shortly afterward.Although Sam escaped, his mother was captured and jailed. She was taken from the jail at Leary and her body was riddled with bullets. Her remains were found along the roadside by parties entering into Arlington the next morning.
Bertha Lowman
Demon Lowman, Bertha Lowman, and their cousin Clarence Lowman were in the Aiken, South Carolina jail when it was raided by a mob early on October 8, 1926. The three had been in jail for a year and a half while they were tried for the murder of Sheriff and Klansman Henry H.H. Howard. Howard was shot in the back while raiding the house of Sam Lowman, father to Bertha and Demon. Klansmen filed by Howard’s body two-by-two when it laid in state. A year after his funeral a cross was burned in the cemetery at his grave.Although the Lowman’s were tried and sentenced to death, a State Supreme Court reversed the findings and ordered a new trial. Demon had just been found not guilty when the raid on the jail occurred. Taken to a pine thicket just beyond the city limits their bodies were riddled with bullets.
The events which resulted in this lynching are surreal to say the least. Samuel Lowman was away from home at a mill having meal ground on April 25, 1925. Sheriff Howard and three deputies appeared at the Lowman Cabin three miles from Aiken. Annie Lowman, Samuel’s wife and their daughter Bertha were out back of the house working. Their family had never been in any kind of trouble. They did not know the sheriff and he did not know them. Furthermore, they were not wearing any uniform or regalia depicting them as law enforcers. Hence the alarming state of mind they had when four white men entered their yard unannounced, even if it was on a routine whiskey check. It was even more distressing because a group of white men had come to the house a few weeks earlier and whipped Demon for no reason at all. After speaking softly to each other the women decided to go in the house.
When the men saw the women move towards the house they drew their revolvers and rushed forward. Sheriff Howard reached the back step at the same time as Bertha. He struck her in the mouth with his pistol butt. Mrs. Lowman picked up an axe and rushed to her daughter’s aid. A deputy emptied his revolver into the old woman killing her.
Demon and Clarence were working in a nearby field when they heard Bertha’s scream. Demon retrieved a pistol from a shed while Clarence armed himself with a shotgun. The deputies shot at Demon, who returned fire. Clarence’s actions are not clear. When it was all over a few seconds later the Sheriff was dead. Bertha had received two gunshots to the chest just above her heart. Clarence and Demon were wounded also. In total five members of the Lowman family were in put jail.
Samuel Lowman returned to find in his absence he had become a widower with four of his children in jail along with his nephew. In three days he would be charged with harboring illegal liquor when a quarter of a bottle of the substance is found in his backyard. For that the elderly farmer was sentenced to two years on the chain gang.
18 year old Bertha, 22 year old Demon and 15 year old Clarence were tried for the Sheriff’s murder and swiftly found guilty. The men were sentenced to death with Bertha given a life sentence.
Demon’s acquittal made it appear that Clarence and Bertha would been freed as well. The day they were murdered they were taken from the jail, driven to a tourist a few miles from town and set loose. As they ran they were shot down.
Mr. Lowman contended one of the deputies who coveted the Sheriff’s job was his real killer. The same man later led the mob which slew Lowman’s children and nephew. Apparently, he knew they could identify him as the culprit.
__________________________
Recorded Cases of Black Female
Lynching Victims 1886-1957:
More on Black Women
Who Were Lynched
The lynching of Laura Nelson
After seeing the connection between Henrietta Vinton Davis and Black Women who was lynched (they have no markers on their graves) posted Dr. Daniel Meaders’ pamphlet on Black Women Who Were Lynched in America. Reading that caused me to wonder if more women were lynched than Dr. Meaders found.
That led to the revelation of “STRANGER FRUIT”: THE LYNCHING OF BLACK WOMEN THE CASES OF ROSA RICHARDSON AND MARIE SCOTT”by MARIA DELONGORIA. The information below is extracted from Appendix A: Recorded Cases of Black Female Lynching Victims 1886-1957. This list indicates approximately one hundred and fifty four women who were lynched.
m= mother d=daughter s=son f=father c=cousin w=wife h=husband #=age of victim b=brother s1=sister
* some sexually related aspect (evidence of rape, sexual assault and/or ‘relationship’)
** approximate date
|
Date
|
Name
|
Lynched with
|
County/City State
|
Allegation
|
| 1870 | ||||
| Sept | Mrs. John Simes | Henry Co KY | Republican | |
| 1872 | ||||
| Nov | Mrs. Hawkins (m) | Fayette Co KY | Republican | |
| —– Hawkins (d) | Fayette Co KY | Republican | ||
| 1876 | ||||
| May | Mrs. Ben French | Warsaw KY | murder | |
| 1878 | ||||
| 4 Nov | Maria Smith | Hernando MS | murder | |
| 1880 | ||||
| 29 July | Milly Thompson | Clayton GA | ||
| 6 Dec | Julia Brandt (15) | Joe BarnesVance Brandt | Charleston SC | theft/murder |
| 1881 | ||||
| *4 Sept | Ann (Eliza) Cowan (35) | Newberry SC | arson | |
| 1885 | ||||
| 29 Sept | Harriet Finch | Jerry FinchJohn PattishalLee Tyson | Chatham Co NC | murder |
| 1886 | ||||
| Sept | —– | Cummins Pulaski KY | ||
| 25 July | Mary Hollenbeck | Tattnall GA | murder | |
| 18 Aug | Eliza Wood | Madison TN | murder | |
| 1887 | ||||
| 28 April | Gracy Blanton | W. Carroll LA | theft | |
| 1891 | ||||
| 15 April | Roxie Elliott | Centerville AL | ||
| 9 May | Mrs. Lee | Lowndes MS | son accused of murder | |
| 1 Aug | Eliza Lowe | Henry AL | arson | |
| Ella Williams | Henry AL | arson | ||
| 28 Sept | Louise Stevenson | Grant White | Hollandale MS | murder |
| 1892 | ||||
| 3 Feb | Mrs. Martin | Sumner Co TN | son accused of arson | |
| 10 Feb | Mrs. Brisco(w) | AK | race prejudice | |
| 10 Feb | Jessie Dillingham | Smokeyville TX | train wrecking | |
| 11 March | Ella (15) | Rayville LA | attempted murder/poisoning | |
| 2 Nov | Mrs. Hastings(m) | son (16) | Jonesville LA | husband accused |
| Hastings(d,14) | Jonesville LA | father accused of murder | ||
| 21 Dec | Cora | Guthrie,Indian Territory | ||
| 1893 | ||||
| 19 March | Jessie Jones | Jellico TN | murder | |
| 18 July | Meredith Lewis | Roseland LA | murder | |
| 15 Sept | Emma Fair | Paul HillPaul ArcherWilliam Archer | Carrolton AL | arson |
| 16 Sept | Louisa Carter (Lou)(m) | Jackson MS | poisoning a well | |
| Mahala Jackson (d) | Jackson MS | poisoning a well | ||
| 1893 | ||||
| Nov | Mrs. Phil Evens (m) | Bardstown KY | ||
| Evans (d) | Bardstown KY | |||
| Evans (d) | Bardstown KY | |||
| 4 Nov | Mary (Eliza) Motlow | Lynchburg VA | arson | |
| 9 Nov | Rilla Weaver | Clarendon AK | ||
| 1894 | ||||
| 6 March | unknown Negro woman | Pulaski AK | ||
| 16 July | Marion Howard | Scottsville KY | ||
| 24 July | Negro woman | Simpson Co MS | race prejudice | |
| 1895 | ||||
| 20 March | Harriet Tally | Petersburg TN | arson | |
| 21 April | Mary Deane | Greenville AL | murder | |
| Alice Green | Greenville AL | murder | ||
| Martha Green | Greenville AL | murder | ||
| 1 July | Mollie Smith | Trigg County KY | ||
| 20 July | Mrs. Abe Phillips (m) | unnamed child (1)Hannah Phillips (d) | Mant TX | |
| 23 July | Negro woman | Brenham TX | ||
| 2 Aug | Mrs. James Mason (w) | James Mason (h) | Dangerfield TX | |
| *28 Aug | Negro woman | Simpson MS | miscegenation | |
| 26 Sept | Felicia Francis | New Orleans LA | ||
| 11 Oct | Catherine Matthews | Baton Rouge LA | poisoning | |
| 2 Dec | Hannah Kearse | (Walker,m)Isom K. (s) | Colleton SC | stealing a bible |
| 1896 | ||||
| *12 Jan | Charlotte Morris | Jefferson LA | miscegenation/living with white “husband” | |
| 1 Aug | Isadora Morely | Selma AL | murder | |
| 18 Nov | Mimm Collier | Steenston MS | ||
| 1897 | ||||
| 9 Feb | Negro woman | Carrolton MS | theft/arson | |
| 5 March | Otea Smith | Julietta FL | murder | |
| 12 May | Amanda Franks | Jefferson AL | murder | |
| Molly White | Jefferson AL | murder | ||
| 1898 | ||||
| 22 Feb | Dora Baker | (d,2)Frazier Baker(f) | Williamsburg SC | race prejudice |
| 9 Nov | Rose Etheridge | Phoenix SC | murder | |
| 13 Nov | Eliza Goode | Greenwood SC | murder | |
| 189923 March | Willia Boyd | Silver City MS | ||
| 1900 | ||||
| 2 March | Mrs. Jim Cross (m) | Lowndes AL | ||
| Cross (d) | Lowndes AL | |||
| 7 July | Lizzie Pool | Hickory Plains AK | race prejudice | |
| 25 July | Anna Mabry | New Orleans LA | race prejudice | |
| 28 Aug | Negro woman | Negro man | Forrest City NC | theft of peaches |
| 1901 | ||||
| 5 March | Ballie Crutchfield | Rome TN | theft | |
| 20 March | Terry Bell | Terry MS | ||
| 1 Aug | Betsey McCray (m) | Belfiield (s) | Carrolton MS | knowledge of murder |
| Ida McCray (d) | Carrolton MS | knowledge of murder | ||
| 4 Oct | Negro woman | Marshall TX | assault | |
| 1902 | ||||
| 15 Feb | Bell Duly | Fulton KY | ||
| 27 Dec | Mrs.Emma Wideman | Oliver Wideman | Troy SC | murder |
| 1903 | ||||
| Negro woman | murder of Mrs. Frank Matthews | |||
| 8 June | Negro woman | Negro men (4) | Smith County MS | murder |
| 24 June | Lamb Whittle | Concordia LA | ||
| *25 July | Jennie Steers | Beard Plantation, Shreveport LA | murder by poison | |
| 28 Oct | Jennie McCall | Hamilton FL | by mistake | |
| 1904 | ||||
| 7 Feb | Holbert (w) | Luther Holbert | Doddsville MS | burning barn |
| *14 June | Marie Thompson | Lebanon Junction KY | murder | |
| 30 August | unknown | Bates Union AK | ||
| 1906 | ||||
| 7 Nov | Meta Hicks | Mitchell GA | husband accused of murder | |
| 1907 | ||||
| 20 March | Negro woman | Stamps AK | ||
| Negro woman | Stamps AK | |||
| 21 May | Mrs. Padgett (m) | Son | Tattnall GA | son accused of rape |
| Padgett (d) | Tattnall GA | brother accused of rape | ||
| 1908 | ||||
| 3 Oct | Mrs. D. Walker (m) | Fulton KY | race hatred | |
| Walker (d) | Fulton KY | race hatred | ||
| 1909 | ||||
| 9 Feb | Robby Baskin | Houston MS | murder | |
| 30 July | Emile Antione | Grand Prairie LA | assault | |
| 1910 | ||||
| April 5 | Laura Mitchell | Lonoke AK | murder | |
| *25 Aug | Laura Porter | Monroe LA | disreputable house | |
| 1911 | ||||
| *25 May | Laura Nelson | L.D. (14)(s) | Okemah OK | murder |
| 2 Sept | Hattie Bowman | Ed Christian | Greenville FL | theft |
| 1912 | ||||
| ** | Pettigrew (d) | Ben Pettigrew (f) | Savannah TN | |
| ** | Pettigrew (d) | Savannah TN | ||
| Negro woman | Codele GA | |||
| *23 Jan | Belle Hathaway | John MooreEugene HammingDusty Cruthfield | Hamilton GA | tenants of murdered man |
| 11 Feb | Negro woman | Negro children (3) | Beaumont TX | |
| 13 Feb | Mary Jackson | George Saunders | Marshall TX | |
| 25 June | Ann Boston | Pinehurst GA | murder | |
| 1914 | ||||
| 13 Mar** | Mrs. Joe Perry (m,w) | Joe Perry (h)SonChild | Henderson NC | |
| *31 Mar | Marie Scott (17) | Muskogee OK | murder | |
| 28 May/June** | Jennie Collins | Shaw MS | aiding in escape | |
| 17 June | Paralee Collins (m) | Issac (s) | West Plains MO | |
| *12 July | Rosa Richardson (27-35) | Providence/Santee SC | murder | |
| 25 Nov | Jane Sullivan (w) | Fred Sullivan (h) | Byhalia MS | burning a barn |
| 1915 | ||||
| 15 Jan | Eula Charles | (Barber,d)Dan Barber (f) | Jasper County GA | parents accused of bootlegging |
| Ella Charles | (Barber,d)Jesse Barber(b) | Jasper County GA | parents accused of bootlegging | |
| May | Briley | Pescott AK | ||
| 17 Aug | Hope Hull | AL | ||
| *8 Dec | Cordella Stevenson | Columbus MS | ||
| 1916 | ||||
| 19 Aug | Mary Dennis | Newberry FL | aiding in escape | |
| Stella Long | Newberry FL | aiding in escape | ||
| 4 Oct** | Mary Conley | Arlington GA | complicity in murder | |
| 1917 | ||||
| 1 March | Emma Hooper | Hammond LA | murder | |
| 1918 | ||||
| 17 May | Mary Turner (pregnant) | Brooks Co GA | taught a lesson | |
| 4 June | Sarah Cabiness | unnamed children(2)Bessie Cabiness(d)Pete (s)Tenola Cabiness(d)Cute Cabiness (d) | Huntsville TX | threatening white man |
| 4 Sept | Mrs. James Eyer | Marion GA | ||
| *21 Dec | Alma House (pregnant) | Andrew Clark | Shubuta MS | murder |
| 1919 | ||||
| 5 May | unknown Negro woman | Holmes MS | race prejudice | |
| 1920 | ||||
| 2 Nov | unknown Negro woman | Ocoee FL | race prejudice | |
| 18 Nov | Minnie Ivory | Willie IvoryWill Perry | Douglass GA | murder |
| 1921 | ||||
| 9 April | Rachel Moore | Rankin MS | race prejudice | |
| 1922 | ||||
| 25 June | Mercy Hall | Oklahoma City OK | strike activity | |
| 1923 | ||||
| 5 Jan | Sarah Carrier | Rosewood FL | race prejudice | |
| Lesty Gordon | Rosewood FL | race prejudice | ||
| 29 Sept | Negro woman | Pickens MS | ||
| 31 Sept | Negro woman | Holmes MS | race prejudice | |
| 1924 | ||||
| 23 June | Penny Westmoreland | Marcus Westmoreland | Spalding GA | |
| 19 July | —– Sheldon | Meridian MS | ||
| 11 Sept | Sarah Williams | Shreveport LA | ||
| 1925 | ||||
| *25 April | Annie Lowman (m) | Aiken SC | defending her daughter | |
| 1926 | ||||
| 25 April | Lily Cobb | Birmingham AL | ||
| 25 May | Eliza Bryant | Duplin NC | success | |
| 8 Oct | Bertha Lowman(d,s1) | Demon (b) | Aiken SC | lynched after acquitted of murder |
| 11 Nov | Sally Brown | Clarence (c) | Houston TX | |
| 1928 | ||||
| 25 Dec | Negro woman (1) | Eros LA | dispute w/ whites | |
| Negro woman (2) | Eros LA | dispute w/whites | ||
| 1930 | ||||
| 12 Feb | Laura Wood | Salisbury NC | ||
| 5 July | Viola Dial (pregnant) | Narketta MS | race prejudice | |
| 6 July | Mrs. James Eyers (w) | Markeeta MS | race prejudice | |
| 10 Sept | Holly White | Pigg Lockett | Scooba MS | |
| 1931 | ||||
| May | Mrs. Wise | Frankfort VA | resisting Klan | |
| 1946 | ||||
| *25 July | Dorothy Malcolm(w) | Roger Malcolm (h) | Monroe GA | able to identify mob members |
| Mae Dorsey (w) | George Dorsey (h) | Monroe GA | able to identify mob members | |
| 1956 | ||||
| *25 March | Angenora Spencer | Hyde NC | miscegenation | |
| 1957 | ||||
| 18 Nov | Mrs. Frank Clay | Henderson NC | dispute |
*Crystal Nicole Femister has a similar chart in the Appendix of her dissertation “Ladies and Lynching”: The Gendered Discourse of Mob Violence in the New South, 1880-1930. Having used overlapping sources accounts for similarities although there are differences in categories, variations of names, locations and some of the other content.
>via: http://henriettavintondavis.wordpress.com/2009/07/22/recorded/
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Between 1880 and 1930, close to 200 women were murdered by lynch mobs in the American South. Many more were tarred and feathered, burned, whipped, or raped. In this brutal world of white supremacist politics and patriarchy, a world violently divided by race, gender, and class, black and white women defended themselves and challenged the male power brokers. Crystal Feimster breaks new ground in her story of the racial politics of the postbellum South by focusing on the volatile issue of sexual violence.
Pairing the lives of two Southern women—Ida B. Wells, who fearlessly branded lynching a white tool of political terror against southern blacks, and Rebecca Latimer Felton, who urged white men to prove their manhood by lynching black men accused of raping white women—Feimster makes visible the ways in which black and white women sought protection and political power in the New South. While Wells was black and Felton was white, both were journalists, temperance women, suffragists, and anti-rape activists. By placing their concerns at the center of southern politics, Feimster illuminates a critical and novel aspect of southern racial and sexual dynamics. Despite being on opposite sides of the lynching question, both Wells and Felton sought protection from sexual violence and political empowerment for women.
Southern Horrors provides a startling view into the Jim Crow South where the precarious and subordinate position of women linked black and white anti-rape activists together in fragile political alliances. It is a story that reveals how the complex drama of political power, race, and sex played out in the lives of Southern women.
This is going on my To-Read list RIGHT NOW.
(via posttragicmulatto)
>via: http://knowledgeequalsblackpower.tumblr.com/post/46779026522/notesonascandal-...