• June 21, 2001 John Lee Hooker, singer, songwriter, and blues guitarist, died. Hooker was born August 22, 1917 in Coahoma County near Clarksdale, Mississippi. At the age of 15, Hooker ran away from home and in 1948 landed in Detroit, Michigan working at the Ford Motor Company and playing in the blues venues and saloons on Hasting Street. Hooker began recording in 1948 and over his career recorded over 100 albums, including “John Lee Hooker Sings the Blues” (1961), “The Healer” (1989), and “The Best of Friends” (1998). During his career, Hooker won four Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000. He was a charter inductee to the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980, in 1991 he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 1996 he received the Blues Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award. Two of his songs, “Boogie Chillen’” (1948) and “Boom Boom” (1962), are included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame’s 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. His biography, “Boogie Man: The Adventures of John Lee Hooker in the 20th Century,” was published in 2000.
The origins of rock and roll are hazy at best. Seemingly every year someone steps up with a new claimant to the title “first rock and roll record.” The fact is that musical genres are more convergent phenomena than inventions, though it's hard to resist the urge to point at one recording and declare: “This is where it began!” (Just look at how easy it is to spark a heated argument about the origin of punk rock...aaaaaaand GO.). Nevertheless, in a genre infamous for it's “boy's club” attitude, the guitar slinging gospel singer Sister Rosetta Tharpe was an instrumental factor in rock's creation.
Getting her start as a guitar playing child prodigy, Tharpe began performing at age 4, accompanying her mother, Church of God in Christ evangelist Katie Bell Nubin. After the family moved from Arkansas to Chicago in the late 1920's the young Rosetta was exposed to blues and jazz, and began integrating elements of both into her gospel performances. Unlike other gospel performers of the time, Rosetta bent notes when she sang and picked her guitar, playing riffs and melodies rather than simply strumming chords.
At the advice of her mother and Chicago area promoters, Rosetta moved to New York in the early 1930's. She married minister Thomas A. Thorpe in 1934. Although their marriage was short lived, Rosetta kept the name (respelling it as Tharpe for her stage name), and remained in New York performing regularly. She signed a contract with Decca Records in 1938 and became a huge success in both secular and religious markets, ultimately becoming only one of 2 African Americans to record V-Records (records made for the troops serving in WWII with the intent of boosting morale). She performed primarily hymns and gospel songs but backed with popular jazz orchestras.
Throughout the 40's, Tharpe began performing with smaller ensembles, with the focus increasingly on her innovative guitar style. In 1944 she recorded the standout song Strange Things Happening Every Day with boogie woogie pianist Sammy Price. The cut was the first gospel song to make Billboard's “race records” Top Ten, and has become one of the many records claimed as the “first rock and roll record.” Although the message is certainly more religious than anything Chuck Berry would ever have recorded, the guitar part and pounding bass line wouldn't have been out of place on any early rock and roll single.
Throughout the 50's and 60's Tharpe's star began to decline, as she struggled to maintain the delicate balance she had previously struck between secular and gospel music. Nevertheless she continued recording and performing steadily up until her stroke in 1970, frequently touring Europe (performances from her European tours form the basis of the fantastic live album “Sing Sister Sing,” in which she performs her classic songs accompanied only by her trademark Les Paul SG.).
Sister Rosetta died soon after the stroke in 1973, leaving behind an enormous legacy. In a musical landscape dominated by white male guitarists, she wasn't just one of the greatest black women to play the instrument. She was one of the best, period.
Ann & Jeff VanderMeer are pleased to announce a call for submissions for a new anthology on Feminist Speculative Literature. This project will be published by PM Press under the guidance and co-publishing arrangement with Jef Smith of GeekRadical and is scheduled to be released in May 2013. The anthology will emphasize women’s speculative fiction from the 1970s onward, looking to explore women’s rights as well as gender/race/class/etc. from as many perspectives as possible. Although we already have stories and writers in mind we also know that we can’t see everything so are asking for submissions as well as suggestions. If in doubt, send it.
We will read submissions between June 15, 2012 and August 5, 2012. Any English-language story (or translation into English) previously published since 1970 on a website or in a print publication is eligible for consideration. Looking for reprints only (standard reprint rates apply). Prefer works under 10,000 words. Willing to look at all kinds of Feminist Speculative fiction, but mainly interested in work that pushes the boundaries, that is truly unique to the genre.
Submissions up to 10,000 words should be sent in a Word or RTF document attachment to femspecfic at hotmail.com. Please cut-and-paste the first three paragraphs into the body of your email and include prior publication information, but no need to include any biographical information about yourself. If you prefer, use snail mail by sending your work to POB 38190, Tallahassee, FL 32315, USA. Snail mail submissions should be marked on the outside of the envelope as for Feminist Spec Fic consideration. No SASE is required if you prefer email response. All submissions will be responded to no later than August 15, 2012; please do not query about a submission prior to that date. Those sending in their suggestions—thanks so much, and thanks for understanding that we will not have time to reply.
Payment will be on publication, at standard reprint rates of one to two cents per word, against a share of any royalties from the North American or foreign editions, as well as one contributor copy.
BIFF Announces Call For Scripts Seeking Screenplays Deadlines For Submissions July 23, 2012 Submission Fee: $100.00
Mission: The mission of the Bahamas International Film Festival (BIFF) Screenplay Residency Program is to develop and nurture the next generation of Screenwriters and Filmmakers from around the world.
Format: The BIFF Screenplay Residency Program provides a structured opportunity for emerging screenwriters and filmmakers to present their projects to creative advisors; established producers; directors and writers — in a series of one-on-one and small group meetings scheduled over four full days. The Residency is designed to foster dialog, build lasting connections, and offer opportunities for growth.Emphasis is placed on critical feedback, practical advice, and a clear view of the next steps in the filmmaking process, tailored to the individual project.
Call For Entries: BIFF seeks applications from young writers, directors and producers from around the world. Deadline for all Screenplay must be postmarked by July 23, 2012. (No extensions will be granted) Those accepted will be notified by the end of October and are invited to attend BIFF.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Programme all about? This is an opportunity for emerging screenwriters and filmmakers to present their Screenplays and receive invaluable advice and assistance by leading Industry professional.
What is the purpose? To develop and nurture the next generation of Screenwriters and Filmmakers from around the world.
How many days? Networking and Mentoring Sessions will take place over Four (4) days - December 6 - 9, 2012.
What is the format? Round Table discussions and one on one meetings with each mentor throughout the Film Festival.
Who are the mentors? (Past Mentors): Roger & Julie Corman, Ben Barenholtz, Malcolm Lee, Nicole Guillemet, Nate Kohn, Steven Beer, Jane Schoettle, Kelly Anne Moore, Andrew Trapani, Norman Golightly and many more.
Why be involved? Thousands of Scripts are mailed to agents, investors and producers, BIFF has direct contact to leading industry decision makers who will read your scripts, rather than being placed to the bottom of the pile.
Who can participate? Writers and filmmakers from around the globe.
Do you need experience? No experience needed. Only great stories about The Bahamas or the Caribbean region.
How many will participate? Six (6) Scripts will be selected to participate.
Past Successes: RAIN (Bahamas), director, writer Maria Govan, Rain Screenplay was discovered and developed at 2005 BIFF raising $1Mil to make in 2008 for the Bahamas International Film Festival Opening Night Film;
CHILDREN OF GOD (Bahamas), director, writer Kareem Mortimer, Children Of God Screenplay was developed at 2008 BIFF and showcased at 2009 Bahamas International Film Festival Opening Night Film;
***Both Films sold worldwide and premiered on the Showtime Channel.
"The Bahamas International Film Festival Filmmaker Residency provided an amazing opportunity to engage with industry professionals --persons who have so much to offer both creatively and practically. The relationships that I made during that time lent invaluable support for my first film "Rain." Nate Kohn who was my mentor during the residency became a producer on "Rain" and is still a great advocate today as I develop new projects." Maria Govan, DIrector of RAIN
"The Bahamas International Film Festival Residency Program was a very crucial and important springboard for me and my career, during my time in the Residency I made lasting relationships with key industry persons that I still am in contact with today and the advice that I've received was extraordinaryly helpful in getting my first feature made".Kareem Mortimer, Director of CHILDREN OF GOD
"The Filmmaker Residency Programme gave me the confidence and the connections to begin a career as a writer" Danae Cash, 2011 Filmmaker Residency Program Winner, Writer of MARCH ON (In development)
How can I get involved? Send your final screenplay for consideration.
Bahamas International Film Festival prefers online entries submitted via Withoutabox.com, which provides cost-saving, paperless submission to film festivals around the world. Withoutabox’s internet-only submission platform features online applications via one master entry form, online fee payments, press kits, and the option to use Secure Online Screeners, an economical, eco-friendly, and secure alternative to traditional hard-copy submissions. Fill out one master entry form and take advantage of quick entry, extended deadlines, and powerful submission management tools. There’s no extra cost to you, and by submitting, you’ll join Withoutabox’s global filmmaker community and stay in the loop about international exhibition opportunities.
JULY 2012 SENTINEL LITERARY QUARTERLY POETRY & SHORT STORY COMPETITIONS CLOSING DATE EXTENDED
Interested writers who were unable to enter for the SLQ poetry and short story competitions need not despair as the deadline has been extended. This extension is for 10 days which makes the new deadline: 30 June, 2012. This extension will not affect the announcement of the results on the 31st of July.
"In Paris … no one regards me curiously. I am simply 'M. Tanner, an American artist.' Nobody knows nor cares what was the complexion of my forbears. I live and work there on terms of absolute social equality. Questions of race or color are not considered—a man's professional skill and social qualities are fairly and ungrudgingly recognized. No one who had not carefully observed the art world of Paris could have any clear idea of its broad and deep race admixture. When I began to study under [Jean-Joseph Benjamin-] Constant I found in the studios men of all nations and races under the sun—Muscovites and Tartars; Arabs and Japanese; Hindoos and Mongolians; Africans and South Sea Islanders—all working earnestly and harmoniously with students of the Caucasian race. It is so now, in greater degree and on even broader lines." Tanner quoted in William R. Lester, "Henry O. Tanner, Exile for Art's Sake," Alexander's Magazine 7, no. 2 (15 December 1908), p. 73.
HENRY OSSAWA TANNER
The Annunciation
The Annunciation
Head of a Girl in Jerusalem (The Artist's Wife)
Portrait of the artist's mother
The Thankful Poor
A study photo for "The Banjo Lesson," attributed to Henry Ossawa Tanner. It was initially used to illustrate a Christmas short story in Harper's Young People Magazine in 1893, according to the exhibit catalog.
Elder’s Corner is musical journey through pivotal moments in the colorful history of Nigeria as told through the lives and careers of the nations foremost music legends. It is a story about the eroding effects of colonialism, bitter ethnic clashes, politics, oil, power, money and their combined effects on a nation that recently celebrated its 50th year of self rule.
Gay activists in South Africa say the gruesome murder of a transgender pageant winner known as “ThaBling” has created a “fear crisis” in the local gay community.
Thapelo Makhutle, 24, was found dead in his apartment last week in the town of Kuruman. His body was severely mutilated, according to a friend and director of the LEGBO Northern Cape gay rights advocacy group where Makhutle volunteered.
“We and his family are just devastated,” said LEGBO Director Shaine Griqua. “This has a very negative impact on the gay community here. Many live in fear and are afraid for their security. Now it is worse. We are trying to counsel them through this fear crisis.”
Griqua said another friend saw two men arguing with Makhutle about his sexuality the night he was killed. He said the attackers broke down the door to Makhutle’s room in order to kill him, nearly severed his head, and cut off his genitals. Northern Cape police told the South African Press Association they are still looking for suspects.
Makhutle was recently crowned Miss Gay Kuruman and participated in the Kimberley Out in Africa Gay and Lesbian Festival.
“He was a friend you could always count on to cheer you up and help you get through any difficult time,” said Griqua. “He was openly gay. He was proud of who he was and believed that freedom in South Africa was attainable.”
South Africa is the only country in Africa with constitutional protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation, yet gays and lesbians in rural areas and black townships are frequently victims of discrimination and violence.
LEGBO members are calling on police to do a thorough investigation of Makhutle’s death, which they believe is a hate crime. They are organizing a march to call for justice in the case before a memorial service on Friday afternoon.
I am stunned, sickened. 23 year old Thapelo Makutle [Queen Bling] was murdered – beheaded in the early hours of the 9th June 2012, the second murder in less than a week. Neil Daniels, 36 body was found burned and mutilated on Monday 4th June. In December last year, Jason Wessenaar , a 39-year-old activist and television presenter, was also murdered.Right now I cant find the words to write about these terrors.
I would like to share our loss pain and hurt with you, a member and volunteer of LEGBO NORTNERN CAPE and the NC NGO Coaltion in the Kuruman community in the John Taolo Gaetsiwe district was beheaded this past Sunday after a argument with his attackers on his sexuality and homosexulaity. They followed him to the place where he rented a room amd choped off his head (behead).
The left his body under a blanket as if he was still asleep. Thapelo Makutle aged 23 was a support based volunteer and was well trained by LEGBO NORTHERN CAPE in partnership with the office of the NC NGO Coalition in Kuruman, He recently participated in the Kimberley Gay and Lesbian Festivals hosted by OUT IN AFRICA, he was a beauty queen known as Queen Bling well mannered and principled human being.
The office of the Director of LEGBO NORTHERN CAPE and the Provincial Coordniator of the NC NGO Coalition is meeting with LGBTI nad Civil Society on Wednesday the 13th June 2012 to plan a awareness campaign around this issue for this coming Friday the 15th June 2012.
Knowing it is shrot notice please support us in whatever form you can whether it be word of mouth, marketing, data bundles, pamphlets. poster, etc. we will appreciate even just a email of letters of support or on your websites support us in the press conferences and media covergae enev if you can support with transport from other regios to Kuruman, or a advert in the local media any from of support will be highly appreciated.
Please feel free to contact me on facebook. or on 073 626 3346, 081 255 3054, Charmaine van Den Heever 083 426 0244 , 053 712 3588 or supply us with Vodacomdata bundles on the number 079 961 0524 as we are on hand and standby to spread the word and market the event and funds are dried up.
We trust that you will come on board with this initiative.
“i’m sad, hurt, … just wrong i really became overwhelmed by the whole experience.” [ZM]
On Friday, 15th June 2012 hundreds of family and friends gathered at St Mary’s Anglican Church, Kuruman, together to mourn the death of their son and comrade, Thapelo Makhutle. In Kuruman, where Thapelo was murdered there was a protest and a memorial service attended by about 100 people.
On Saturday 16th June 2012, some 500 people attended the funeral at his ancestral village of Bendel some 50 kilometers from Kuruman. Kuruman is located in the far north of Northern Cape Province, not too far from the South African border with Botswana. It is 250 kilometers from the diamond mining town of Kimberley. Kuruman with a population of 12,700, is an under resourced rural town with a small but visible LGBTI family.
The murder of Thapelo was the second homophobic hate crime in South Africa in just one week - Neil Daniels, 36 was found burned and mutilated on Monday 4th June 2012 in Milnerton in the Western Cape. Nor was Thapelo’s murder the first in the Kuruman area.
Every life counts
According to the press statement by LEGBO NORTHERN CAPE (LGBTI SECTOR), a young lesbian was murdered earlier this year in Magojaneng village. One of the first things that needs to be done here, is to publish the name of the young woman together with details of the crime and the subsequent investigation or rather lack of investigation. This way she can be remembered in an appropriate manner and not remain a piece of data lost in the Northern Cape – almost like a second death. We need to speak out as EVERY life counts irrespective of the a person’s self-identification or where the crime took place.
The following report is based on a series of Skype conversations over the past six days with Zanele Muholi. Zanele along with Funeka Soldaat of Free Gender and filmmaker and editor, Justin Davy traveled to Kuruman, for the memorial service and funeral. The three left Cape Town at 5am Friday morning to Kimberly. Due to the lack of transport in the city, they had to arrange for someone to drive from Kuruman to pick them up – a round trip of over 500 kilometers. They arrived in Kuruman around midday.
The crime scene
Already there have been many news and personal reports on the crime. As expected there are variations and contradictions. These are the things we would expect the police to investigate and sift truth from faction. In any event these are Zanele’s thoughts based on what she was told and observed
Thapelo was found by a friend in the room he rented at Seodin, lying on the floor under a blanket with his throat slit and his genitals removed. It was at the mortuary they found his tongue cut out and his testicles stuffed into his mouth. On Saturday afternoon, 16th June 2012, hardly a week after the murder the crime scene was unprotected meaning that people were able to move in and out of the room without knowing what damage to evidence all this is doing. According to those who visited the scene that afternoon, they do not believe that Thapelo was killed in his room as thinking about how he was mutilated the blood would have been all over the room and stained the pink walls. It is a mystery that the walls dividing the rooms are shallow but the neighbours in the next room and beyond said they heard only voices talking but no screams or shouting. Nothing that would indicate the level of brutality that took place that early morning. How could one person have done this thing.
“I have been to a lot of crime scenes and you know when you enter the place you get shivers, like goose bumps and we studied the place and I wonder if the police were really thorough! This is a painful and complicated case and somebody out there will have to speak out. They cannot deal with it, its too painful!.
Also since Kuruman and the nearby places are rural, most of the area is under resourced and lets say traditional spaces it is quite possible that other unreported hate crimes against lesbians and gay men have taken place. These crimes might have been perceived as minor until we got to know of Thapelo Makhutle’s killing- so this is something we must now investigate to get a proper picture of this place.”
Speaking as a human being now before anything else, the perpetuators and victims are born my mothers and fathers and I think the issue of hate crimes now needs parental intervention Speaking for myself as I dont want to speak for others – these hate crimes are beyond the powers of the LGBTI communities.’
June 16th .
There are historical connections which can be made between times and spaces of celebration and remembrance and times of hate crimes and pain. June 16th is a time claimed by South Africans as a time to remember the struggles of Apartheid and specifically the Soweto Uprising of 1976. What does it mean that these deaths and funerals take place at a time when South Africa is supposed to be remembering past struggles for freedom?
“If I had stayed in Cape Town I would have wasted my time to celebrate this June 16. The saddest thing is that during this week, we find ourselves standing at the cemetery baring the coffin of a young gay man of 24 years old due to a hate crime”
In April 2011, Noxolo Nogwaza from KwaThema, Springs was brutally killed in Tsakane. She left behind two young children. A year later, her killers are still at large. Eudy was also killed in April 2008, the anniversary month of the first free post Apartheid elections. I try to juxtapose these two deaths and when they happened. Is this how we are supposed to remember these special or supposedly special days?
Busi who also survived a hate crime was buried during March 2007 – March is supposed to be human rights month. So these young people who are barely in their 30s are being killed and the question is who will be the next and will it happen before the mothers and the fathers of the perpetrators speak?”
The protest and memorial took place on Friday 15th 2012.
“In the evening we returned to the B& B and tried to process everything that had taken place because we really wanted to know what exactly happened. I felt I needed to return to the crime scene because it forms part of my QueerCide documentary work. This story has been written, so many versions in the newspaper but I wanted to find out from those at the crime scene – what did they see, what did they do. It is then that you realise the need for media advocacy workshops so people know how to report and who to report these matters too, there in Kuruman and other places. We need to teach these things especially as the police are not doing much and do they even have the resources in places like Kuruman and the villages! Photos and video footage at the time of discovery for example may have helped the police and at least let the world know what happened here. People cannot just be gay theres a need to learn how to document with video, cell phone or whatever”.
The memorial and funeral service
“Thapelo was open, he was open and visible. He had a supportive family and lived within a supportive structure. The chief spoke at the funeral and there was nothing homophobic at the funeral. Queer, gay and lesbian and trans people were open and all treated very well by the family and everyone who was there. LGBTI individuals were even called forward, if someone wanted to speak they spoke, they were given a chance. It was not hidden. We were safe and the family knew who their son was not because of his death but as he lived. Positive words were spoken about Thapelo and he was presented and thought of with love from everyone who attended. “
Time of the mothers!
These crimes have gone beyond theorising – hate crimes, curative rape might be theoretical terms to those who do not speak the language. Now we have to look to the mothers before anyone else. And we are all mothers – it is not only those who have physically given birth who are mothers, as Zanele points out
”As Thapelo, [24] he would have been a child I gave birth too at high school. I would have lost my child” - it is mothers of victims and survivors, of perpetrators who have to speak to each other. We (lesbian, women, girl child) cannot always be afraid to talk with men. We cannot always be afraid to express ourselves even at funerals. I dont know why we keep on having to talk about these things as theories and rely on reports from the government and NGOs when the problem that is decaying our community take place within and in front of us – it is too painful.”
And now what happens?
The way we speak about these acts of violence – rapes, verbal abuse, murder, mutilation has to change. The terms hate crime / curative rape are theoretical and legal terms which is fine in those theoretical and legal spaces. But people at ground level need to engage in intimate conversations where they speak words that no one really wants to speak or has dared to speak in the past. Each of us, those intimately entwined with the communities where violence takes place and those of us at various places outside, all have to take responsibility for teaching, informing and learning.
We also need to find different ways to tell these stories as writers, visual artists, performers. How can we find a way to bring each one of these 23 people back to life. And for each of the 23 people we should add their families and friends also as victims and survivors because only then will we fully grasp the magnitude of the QueerCide which is taking place in South Africa.
It seems to me that these murders have their own particular meaning in relation to other crimes in that they are communal crimes – in most cases the murderers and rapists are known to the victims and survivors and possibly others in the neighbourhood. This is an important point when thinking about how to speak of these things. In order to kill so intimately surely one must find a way to disconnect. One possible way to do this is to disassociate yourself with the victim, to render them as other – we know enough about killing to know it is always easier to kill them rather than kill ourselves. If this is the case, then there are neighbourhoods of people who are disconnected from each other. Places where people look at others but do not see themselves – as Zanele asks in her installation “What dont you see when you look at me?”. Clearly some people do not see themselves and it is here that the connection or reconnection needs to take place. I have resorted to my own theorising but in this instance I believe it is a starting point for a conversation – What DO YOU see when you look at me…..?
• June 21, 1964 James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner, civil rights activist, were murdered near Philadelphia, Mississippi while trying to investigate the burning of a church that supported civil rights activity. The FBI discovered their bodies on August 4, 1964. While searching for the three men’s bodies, the FBI also discovered the bodies of at least seven other black men whose disappearances over the past several years had not attracted attention outside of their local communities. The FBI arrested 18 men, but Mississippi officials refused to prosecute the men, therefore the United States Justice Department charged them with conspiring to deprive the three of their civil rights. Seven of the men were convicted and sentenced to three to ten years. None served more than six years. Books covering the murders include “Three Lives for Mississippi” (1965) and “Witness in Philadelphia” (1977). Several film dramatizations have been made of the events, including “Mississippi Burning” (1988) and “Murder in Mississippi” (1990).
In 1964, a mob of Klansmen murdered three civil rights workers in the small Mississippi county of Neshoba - the infamous 'Mississippi Burning' murders. The young men, two Jews from New York and an African-American from Mississippi, were in the Deep South helping to register African-American voters during what came to be known as the Freedom Summer. Although the killers bragged about what they did, it took the State 40 years to indict the mastermind, Edgar Ray Killen, an 80-year-old Baptist preacher and notorious racist. Neshoba tells the story of these three American heroes and the long struggle to bring their killers to justice, in a place that is still dealing with the legacy of a violent and racist past.
Friday, August 13, 2010
After Over Four Decades,
Justice Still Eludes Family of
3 Civil Rights Workers
Slain in
Mississippi Burning Killings
As the Justice Department announces it has closed nearly half of its investigations into unresolved killings from the civil rights era, we look back at the 1964 murders of civil rights workers James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner, the subject of the new documentary Neshoba: The Price of Freedom. Although dozens of white men are believed to have been involved in the murders and cover-up, only one man, a Baptist preacher named Edgar Ray Killen, is behind bars today. Four suspects are still alive in the case. We play excerpts of Neshoba and speak with its co-director, Micki Dickoff. We’re also joined by the brothers of two of the victims, Ben Chaney and David Goodman. And we speak with award-winning Mississippi-based journalist Jerry Mitchell of the Clarion-Ledger, who’s spent the past twenty years investigating unresolved civil rights murder cases, as well as Bruce Watson, author of the new book Freedom Summer: The Savage Season that Made Mississippi Burn and Made America a Democracy.
Guests:
Ben Chaney, brother of James Chaney, who was murdered in Mississippi in 1964.
David Goodman, brother of Andrew Goodman, who was murdered in Mississippi in 1964.
Micki Dickoff, co-director of Neshoba: The Price of Freedom. The film opens tonight in New York at Cinema Village.
Jerry Mitchell, award-winning investigative reporter for the Clarion-Ledger in Jackson, Mississippi.
Bruce Watson, author of the new book Freedom Summer: The Savage Season that Made Mississippi Burn and Made America a Democracy.
