The Raw Man
by George Makana Clark - review
An unforgettable epic of Zimbabwean historyHelon HabilaThe Guardian, Sat 4 Jun 2011 00.08 BST
George Makana Clark's Rhodesian epic should come with a bold warning: not for the fainthearted. In the first chapter the main character, Gordon, a scout in the Rhodesian army, is taken prisoner by rebel soldiers. The POW camp is a Hades-like underground copper mine where the men are forced to work and live, surviving mostly on the flesh of their fallen comrades. And then there is Gordon's father, also called Gordon, passing for white, who kills his daughter with a pillow because her skin is atavistically dark. As if that is not enough to contend with, the plot is arranged in reverse chronological order.And yet, once the reader has gone past the first chapter – no, first page – his chances of putting down the book are small: a story-ghost prowls the halls of this book, dragging the reader through its 12 doors, never letting go until the tale is told. It oscillates between realism, fantasy, folk tale, mythology and history. It is set against the Zimbabwean war of independence, from the 1960s to the establishment of black majority rule in 1980 – but the story began long before then.The main character, the younger Gordon, is only one quarter black, his family passing for white, but his soul is 100% African, and a sense of his mystical connection to the land is one of the things that lends The Raw Man its power. He is a blood reader, an art he inherited from his Xhosa grandmother, which she herself acquired after "dying" and coming back a second time. "Long ago, when people first came into the world, they could read all manner of things in blood. But they grew squeamish at the sight and had no stomach for the unpleasant things they found there."She made some money giving blood readings, and with it she bought the whorehouse where she grew up; when she died, her children, fair-skinned Alexander Gordon, named after his English father, and his darker-skinned sister, Mahulda, carefully uprooted the house, walls and doors and all, from St Anne Street in Cape Town and "reassembled it in a forgotten glen in the highlands of Rhodesia where no one knew its history". The siblings live in the same house, but because of her dark skin, Mahulda lives as her brother's servant, keeping his secret sealed in her heart.The story captures liminal characters at a liminal moment in Zimbabwe's history. It is set in a symbolic "never-never country" where the novel's amazing and sometimes puzzling array of characters make their entries and exits. Alexander Gordon and Mahulda's neighbours include the Very Reverend, founder of the Independent Anglican Church of Manicaland, "which is not in communion with the See of Canterbury, and the Very Reverend answers only to God and the Prisons Department". The Very Reverend's rebellion is of course an echo of Ian Smith's Unilateral Declaration of Independence against British rule in 1965. The Very Reverend has established his headquarters in this particular glen because he is convinced it is the site of the Biblical garden of Eden, the centre of the world. The Very Reverend runs a house of correction for boys, where the younger Gordon is an inmate for a while. Daily the boys ride over the glen on horses, hunting out snakes from the bushes, trying to tame the land: a manoeuvre mirroring the Rhodesian military chasing rebel fighters across the border into Zambia.There is also the cremator, Mr Takafakare, and his daughter, the silent Madota, who will eventually bear Gordon a daughter, thus symbolically defeating the older Gordon's ambition to make his family white. The younger Gordon discovers he can read blood, just like his grandmother. But his total acceptance of his African heritage happens when he returns to his ancestral village and takes part in an initiation ceremony that turns him from "a raw man" into an adult. Makana Clark seems to be saying that the true essence of a man, his true story, is more than skin deep; it resides in the blood.Publishers often make ridiculous claims in their authors' blurbs, comparing them to famous writers: Makana Clark has been compared to Coetzee and Conrad – as has almost every other African writer. They also claim "The Raw Man is a revelatory work of fiction, and one that is impossible to forget." It is.Helon Habila's latest novel is Oil on Water (Hamish Hamilton).